Can vs. could

What does can mean?

Can is a verb which means to be able to, to be permitted to or to request to do something.

For example:

• Can you pass me that novel? (request to do something)

• You can leave anytime you like (to be permitted).

• I can write five books in a year (be able to).

What does could mean?

Could is a verb which indicates possibility, and can be used to make suggestions or requests, indicate annoyance or a strong inclination to do something. Sometimes could is referred to as the past form of can.

For example:

• You could start work on Monday if you submit the paperwork today (possibility)

• You could have brought me up to speed before the meeting rather than letting me embarrass myself (annoyance).

• Betty the dog is so cute I could melt (inclination to do something).

What’s the difference between can and could?

Can means to be able to, to be permitted or to request to do something while could indicates uncertainty or possibility.

• You could win the dance competition if you show them what can do.