Juxtaposition creates contrast between two or more concepts, such as light and darkness. This literary device is used to highlight the difference between the compared items, such as light being a source of hope while darkness represents despair.

A soliloquy is a speech or monologue directed at the speaker themselves which demonstrates their internal dialogue or inner thoughts.

A proverb is a popular saying that contains generally accepted advice or wisdom. Proverbs are short and are often metaphorical or indirect.

Homonyms are words which sound the same but have different meanings, such as flower and flour.

Polyptoton is the repeating of words derived from the same root. For example, hurried and hurrying derive from the same root word of hurry.

Capitonyms are words whose meanings change when they are capitalised, such as mandarin (the fruit) and Mandarin (the language).

Diction is the phrasing and word choice that someone makes when writing. In other words, it's the individual choice of words that shapes the voice and style of your prose.

An allusion is a common or well-known reference to something, such as a person, event, thing, or place.

An isocolon is a literary device which repeats clauses of equal or near grammatical and structural form.