Polyptoton is the repeating of words derived from the same root. For example, hurried and hurrying derive from the same root word of hurry.

Capitonyms are words whose meanings change when they are capitalised, such as mandarin (the fruit) and Mandarin (the language).

Diction is the phrasing and word choice that someone makes when writing. In other words, it's the individual choice of words that shapes the voice and style of your prose.

An allusion is a common or well-known reference to something, such as a person, event, thing, or place.